Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology

The present study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Peddapuram, Andhra Pradesh, during rabi 2022–23 using a simple lattice design to evaluate 64 maize genotypes, including 44 test crosses, 11 lines, 4 testers and 5 checks. The test crosses were developed through a Line × Tester mating design involving 11 inbred lines and 4 testers. Analysis of variance indicated significant genetic variability among genotypes for all traits, highlighting ample scope for selection. Combining ability analysis revealed that non-additive gene action was predominant for most yield-related traits such as grain yield per plant, ear girth, and 100-kernel weight, while additive gene action was more influential for plant height and kernel traits. Lines PI 8, PI 9 and PI 21 emerged as superior general combiners, while hybrids such as PI 8 × CML451 and PI 17 × CML451 demonstrated strong specific combining abilities. Heterosis analysis showed significant positive heterosis over mid-parent, better parent, and standard checks for several key traits. Noteworthy hybrids included PI 4 × CL02450 for grain yield and ear length, PI 14 × LM13 for earliness and protein content, and PI 303 × LM13 for ear girth and kernel rows per ear. These promising combinations offer substantial potential for developing high-yielding, early-maturing and nutritionally superior maize hybrids.