Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture: A Review
Jegan Revathi *
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Palar Agricultural College Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India.
Pankaj Suresh Chougule
Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Phule Krushi Vidyapeeth Rahuri, Ahmednagar (MH), India.
Atheek Ur Rehaman HM
AICRP on Pigeonpea, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Harish Shenoy
ICAR Krishi Vigyan Kendra Dakshina Kannada, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Devendra Bahadur Singh
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Neeraj
Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
P.Reddypriya
Department of Agricultural Microbiology and Bioenergy, Professor Jayshankar Telangana Agricultural University, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This review explores the transformative applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, focusing on its potential to address critical challenges such as pest control, soil degradation, water scarcity, and crop productivity. Nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, and nanocomposites, are being utilized to improve crop protection, fertilization, soil health, and water management. Key innovations include nano-pesticide formulations, slow-release nano-fertilizers, and nano-biosensors for early pest detection. The benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture are vast, offering increased efficiency, sustainability, and economic growth through precision applications and reduced environmental impact. However, concerns around environmental risks, health and safety, and regulatory issues need careful consideration. The review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research, collaboration, and the development of safe-use guidelines to harness the full potential of nanotechnology while addressing associated risks. It concludes by highlighting nanotechnology’s promise for sustainable agriculture and its role in securing global food security. Nanotechnology also improves water use efficiency and enables better management of post-harvest produce, offering solutions to issues like spoilage and shelf life.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, agriculture, nanomaterials, crop protection, fertilization, sustainability, precision agriculture